「Tor/en」の版間の差分
>充電に強い新芋 編集の要約なし |
>充電に強い新芋 編集の要約なし |
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| 62行目: | 62行目: | ||
Even more so, install [[Tails]] to leave no criminal traces on your computer, install {{wpl|Whonix|lang=en}}, where all OS-wide communication goes through Tor and no IP leakage occurs, use {{wpl| Kali Linux}}, set up a bridge node to hide the fact that you are using Tor from the provider, use a web proxy such as [https://github.com/PHProxy/phproxy PHProxy] to hide the fact that the site is accessed from Tor. Use a web proxy, wrap with tools such as [https://proxifier.com/ Proxifier] or [https://pkgs.org/download/proxychains4 Proxychains] to pass through a proxy, or use a no-log [[VPN]] together, etc. should not happen. | Even more so, install [[Tails]] to leave no criminal traces on your computer, install {{wpl|Whonix|lang=en}}, where all OS-wide communication goes through Tor and no IP leakage occurs, use {{wpl| Kali Linux}}, set up a bridge node to hide the fact that you are using Tor from the provider, use a web proxy such as [https://github.com/PHProxy/phproxy PHProxy] to hide the fact that the site is accessed from Tor. Use a web proxy, wrap with tools such as [https://proxifier.com/ Proxifier] or [https://pkgs.org/download/proxychains4 Proxychains] to pass through a proxy, or use a no-log [[VPN]] together, etc. should not happen. | ||
It is obvious that the bad potato who intend to abuse the system should choose a server that supports {{wpl|en:User Datagram Protocol|UDP}} to [[セルフ開示|self-disclose]] the IP address, and it is obvious that it is not allowed to introduce a virtual environment to further increase anonymity. | It is obvious that the bad potato who intend to abuse the system should choose a server that supports {{wpl|en:User Datagram Protocol|UDP}} to [[セルフ開示|self-disclose]] the IP address, and it is obvious that it is not allowed to introduce a virtual environment to further increase anonymity. | ||
It is also out of the question to use [http://taruo.net/e/ Shindan-Kun] to check if you have succeeded in creating an anonymous environment, or to edit torrc to select a server in a country that is less susceptible to investigation. | It is also out of the question to use [http://taruo.net/e/ Shindan-Kun] to check if you have succeeded in creating an anonymous environment, or to edit torrc to select a server in a country that is less susceptible to investigation. | ||
== | ==Notes== | ||
Tor itself anonymizes only the '''communication path''', and it is possible to be traced by other means than IP addresses (e.g., talking about myself)<ref>This is especially true if you were talking about yourself in a raw IP</ref>. Note that Tor currently anonymizes only communications over the TCP protocol; communications using other protocols, such as the UDP protocol<ref>Mainly used for streaming, online gaming, etc. Also used on Discord {{要出典}}</ref>, will remain as raw IP. | |||
It is possible that traces of crimes committed using Tor will be found when crimes committed using raw IP are discovered and the PCs are seized by [[国セコ|police]]. ([[福山紘基|Fukuyama Hiroki]] is a prime example). There are also vulnerabilities in Tor-based software, such as those mentioned above, that could break anonymity,<ref>[[Facebook]] has been revealed to have provided the FBI with technology to exploit the Tails vulnerability {{archive|https://www.itmedia.co.jp/news/articles/2006/30/news078.html|https://archive.vn/f3LCH|Reference}}</ref> it is also important to note that if used incorrectly, anonymity can be compromised. | |||
The leakage of raw IP from the UDP protocol mentioned above can be prevented by restricting UDP protocol communication. We recommend that you refer to [https://note.com/ojipon_tor/n/n033da6b007d1 here] for specific measures. | |||
Thus, just using Tor carelessly may eventually lead to painful consequences (as mentioned above, Fukuyama became a martyr because of this), so '''before using Tor or any software that uses it, you should thoroughly understand the various risks by reading the respective official documents<ref>[https://2019.www.torproject.org/docs/documentation.html.en Tor's official documentation]</ref> before using Tor or any software that uses it.''' | |||
==torrc== | ==torrc== | ||
[[ファイル:サイバー犯罪条約加盟国.png|200px|right|thumb|{{wpl| | [[ファイル:サイバー犯罪条約加盟国.png|200px|right|thumb|member of {{wpl|Convention on Cybercrime|lang=en}}]] | ||
torrc is a file included in the Tor Browser that can be configured to specify nodes to be passed through. It is also possible to avoid [[開示|disclosure]] risks and increase anonymity by avoiding bad nodes<ref>[https://wired.jp/2007/09/13/%E5%8C%BF%E5%90%8D%E5%8C%96%E3%83%84%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%80%8Etor%E3%80%8F%E3%81%AE%E8%90%BD%E3%81%A8%E3%81%97%E7%A9%B4%E2%80%95%E2%80%95%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%BF%E9%A4%A8%E7%AD%89%E3%81%AE%E9%80%9A/ 匿名化ツール『Tor』の落とし穴（1） - 大使館等の通信傍受に成功]</ref> or setting nodes through countries with short log holding periods. | |||
Tails: <code>/etc/tor/torrc</code> Whonix-Gateway: <code>/usr/local/etc/torrc.d/50_user.conf</code> Browser: <code>tor-browser_ja-JP/Browser/TorBrowser/Data/Tor/torrc</code> Edit the file above with a text editor, etc. to set up the file. | |||
Below is an example description. For other options, see [https://2019.www.torproject.org/docs/tor-manual.html.en Tor project]. Also, use [http://www.kc.tsukuba.ac.jp/ulismeta/metadata/standard/cntry_code.html country code]<ref>Country code can be set by enclosing it in {}</ref>. If you are describing a server with an unknown country code, use {??}. | |||
NumEntryGuards 5 # | NumEntryGuards 5 #If UseEntryGuards is set to 1, the number of candidate EntryNodes is set to 5. Changing the 5 part does not change the number of nodes to go through. | ||
ExcludeNodes SlowServer,{jp},{gb},{us},{ca},{au},{nz},{de} # | ExcludeNodes SlowServer,{jp},{gb},{us},{ca},{au},{nz},{de} #Do not go through the specified node. | ||
ExcludeExitNodes {bg},{cz},{fi},{hu},{ie},{lv},{lt},{lu},{nl},{ro},{es},{se},{ch},{ru},{hk},{il} # | ExcludeExitNodes {bg},{cz},{fi},{hu},{ie},{lv},{lt},{lu},{nl},{ro},{es},{se},{ch},{ru},{hk},{il} #Do not set the specified node as Exit node | ||
StrictNodes 1 # | StrictNodes 1 #Strictly set Exclude or not; setting it to 0 sometimes breaks the setting. | ||
Note that setting too many ExcludeNodes will ''''conversely limit the number of nodes to be passed through, which will reduce randomness and anonymity'''. | |||
== | ==References== | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
== | ==See also== | ||
*[[0Chiaki]] | *[[0Chiaki]] | ||
*[[VPN]] | *[[VPN]] | ||
*[[ダークウェブ]] | *[[ダークウェブ|Dark web]] | ||
*[[Onionちゃんねる]] | *[[Onionちゃんねる|Onion channel]] | ||
*[[恒辞苑:な行#生IP| | *[[恒辞苑:な行#生IP|rawIP]] | ||
*[[Tails]] | *[[Tails]] | ||
*[[悪芋]] | *[[悪芋|Bad potato]] | ||
== | ==External links== | ||
*[https://www.torproject.org/ | *[https://www.torproject.org/ Official sites] | ||
*{{wpl|Tor}}（[[Wikipedia]] | *{{wpl|Tor|lang=en}}（[[Wikipedia]]） | ||
*{{twitterlink|NumberID=18466967|ID=torproject}} | *{{twitterlink|NumberID=18466967|ID=torproject}} | ||
*[http://www62.atwiki.jp/sec4orpheus/pages/8.html Sec4Orpheus] - | *[http://www62.atwiki.jp/sec4orpheus/pages/8.html Sec4Orpheus] - A website that summarizes privacy defense techniques | ||
*[https://wiki.archlinux.jp/index.php/Tor ArchWiki] | *[https://wiki.archlinux.jp/index.php/Tor ArchWiki] | ||
*[https://www.whonix.org/wiki/Main_Page Whonix Wiki] | *[https://www.whonix.org/wiki/Main_Page Whonix Wiki] | ||
{{匿名化技術}} | {{匿名化技術}} | ||
{{恒心教徒}} | {{恒心教徒}} | ||
{{デフォルトソート: | {{デフォルトソート:Tor}} | ||
[[カテゴリ:匿名化]] | [[カテゴリ:匿名化]] | ||
[[カテゴリ:English]] | |||
{{広告}} | {{広告}} | ||
2024年3月31日 (日) 07:02時点における版
Tor is software that uses Internet anonymization technology. Tor has a long history, with the first version released on December 20, 2002[1].
Overview
Anonymity of the originator is achieved by passing through multiple nodes for the connection from the client to the server. The content of the communication is encrypted, but not at the exit (end) node[2]. Journalists, activists, whistleblowers, intelligence agencies, and bad potatoes around the world use it to escape government surveillance.
In Japan, it became famous after Katayama Yusuke used it in a PC remote control incident.
It is also sometimes referred to as onion (玉ねぎ, tamanegi) because of its logo.
Relation to the turmoil
It is widely used by Koushinists as a countermeasure against disclosure. It is treated as an indispensable tool when dealing with those, such as Tanaka Kazuya, who are at high risk of suing for even mere slander, or when working with karackings and the like, which are against the law. It was also used to upload photos to Karasawa_Takahiro_BBS in the incident of the disclosure of Takahiro Karasawa's respectful face.
Even for legitimate activities that would not be troubled by disclosure, there are those who use Tor out of a thoroughly anonymous ideology, hobby, or raw IP phobia.
Anti-Kousinists may also use it for KTBBS trolling, perhaps in preparation for a response to be disclosed by board admin.
Karasawa Takahiro, a well-known pakaben[3], stated that it is difficult to identify the posters who use Ｔor in "obstruction of business through the Internet". In the above symposium article, only the "T" was in double-byte characters (so "Ｔ"), and there seemed to be an unnatural space between the "T" and the "or", so it was often ridiculed as "T or (/ti ɔr/)" by the Koushinists.
Software
It is an open source browser based on Firefox, developed by The Tor Project, which is also the developer of Tor, and is a powerful anonymization method because it is very easy to use, even for amateurs. Tor Browser used to be called Tor Browser Bundle (TBB). The Tor Browser is configured to prevent communication that bypasses the Tor network, to ensure that all users look the same, to automatically clear cookies, search history, and site data when the browser is closed, and to prevent tracking by third-party trackers and advertisements, among many other measures to increase anonymity. It is also Firefox-based, so extensions can be used, but adding add-ons is not recommended as it reduces anonymity. Note that even if you use the Tor Browser, communications made by other software are not anonymized. An application is also distributed for Android smartphones.
Android Apps. Almost all apps can communicate via Tor.
Tor Browser for Android; unlike Orbot, it functions as a Tor browser and does not have the ability to make other apps go through Tor.
Tor browser for iOS. Open source. Note that most of the others are faux-VPN scam apps.[4]。
OS
An OS that performs all communication via the Tor network. No data is left on the computer, including the disk cache, so no evidence is left behind.[5]. It is a favorite of many bad potatoes because of its excellent concealment. The basic method is to install the OS on a USB or DVD, but it is also possible to run it in a virtual environment using VirtualBox, etc.[6]。
Install using virtualization software called Virtual Box. It functions as an internal network for the guest OS, allowing connections only through Tor, and has DNS leakage protection. Even if the guest OS is karacking and Root privileges are taken away, the actual raw IP cannot be revealed. VPN over Tor (PC→Tor→VPN→Server) is also possible by connecting to a VPN on the guest OS.
WThe OS enclosed with Whonix-Gateway, an official Whonix recommended OS that specializes in security and combines various features such as time stamp attack countermeasures.
A sibling of Whonix, this OS offers two ways to deploy it: running in Virtual Box or replacing debian with Kicksecure. In addition to its robustness against timestamp attacks and malicious updates, this OS has many advantages, such as the ability to install Whonix with a single command, and its Live mode, which is highly hidden and leaves no traces whatsoever.
The OS that even en:Edward Snowden uses. It features the ability to run applications in parallel on a virtual environment using a virtualization technology called Xen. By installing the above Whonix, you can communicate using Tor.[7]
Penetration test, an operating system designed to test attacks on computer systems and equipped with various attack weapontools. This is also to be installed using VirtualBox. Naturally, it must not be diverted to attacks on sites operated by third parties.
Like Kali Linux, this OS is designed for penetration testing. Unlike Kali Linux, Tor is bundled[8]. Although it is equipped with various weapon of attack tools, including a password karacking function, it is an OS intended only for checking the vulnerability of the site you operate, and must never be diverted to attacks on sites operated by third parties. It is out of the question to think that "cuz tor is enclosed it is best suited for attack".
The same Arch Linux flavor for penetration testing is bundled with native Tor and Tor Browser. While Kali Linux and Parrot OS are based on Debian, this one uses Arch Linux. Therefore, it is not possible to run Anonsurf, but instead it is possible to run a script called tor-router to make all OS communications via Tor. The tor-router has been updated so that communication anonymising can be stopped without restarting (ab272cb). This commit is also reflected in the BlackArch repository, and tor-router is always available for installation with pacman, with full stopability in the algorithm. For more information on other secret tools, see here.
Software used in conjunction
Software that is often used in conjunction with Tor-based software for improved convenience and confidentiality. Note that some of these by themselves will not be anonymized by Tor.
One of the so-called Webproxy. This alone is an extremely easy way to hide your raw IP from the site, but it also makes you less anonymous. If it is routed behind Tor, it is possible to access sites that deny the IP of the Tor exit node.
A script that makes all Linux communications via Tor/I2P on the OS itself, without passing through a virtual machine such as Whonix. Officially, Kali Linux is recommended, but it is not advisable to use it to attack others, saying i can attack via tor so there's no way ill be exposed.
Software for Linux that disguises your mac address. Prevents identity theft when connecting to public wifi, etc. Tails is included by default and is not required.
A tool that can be installed in Tails to use Virtualbox without leaving any evidence. It is out of the question to install Kali Linux, etc. and think that "cracking can be done in an anon env where no evidence is left behind".
Uses of Tor
Tor is supposed to be used to protect free speech, and the bad people who commit criminal acts do not deserve to use Tor.[9]
Therefore, just because anyone can easily use Tor Browser by simply downloading it from the official site does not mean that easy misuse is acceptable.
Even more so, install Tails to leave no criminal traces on your computer, install Whonix, where all OS-wide communication goes through Tor and no IP leakage occurs, use Kali Linux, set up a bridge node to hide the fact that you are using Tor from the provider, use a web proxy such as PHProxy to hide the fact that the site is accessed from Tor. Use a web proxy, wrap with tools such as Proxifier or Proxychains to pass through a proxy, or use a no-log VPN together, etc. should not happen.
It is obvious that the bad potato who intend to abuse the system should choose a server that supports UDP to self-disclose the IP address, and it is obvious that it is not allowed to introduce a virtual environment to further increase anonymity.
It is also out of the question to use Shindan-Kun to check if you have succeeded in creating an anonymous environment, or to edit torrc to select a server in a country that is less susceptible to investigation.
Notes
Tor itself anonymizes only the communication path, and it is possible to be traced by other means than IP addresses (e.g., talking about myself)[10]. Note that Tor currently anonymizes only communications over the TCP protocol; communications using other protocols, such as the UDP protocol[11], will remain as raw IP.
It is possible that traces of crimes committed using Tor will be found when crimes committed using raw IP are discovered and the PCs are seized by police. (Fukuyama Hiroki is a prime example). There are also vulnerabilities in Tor-based software, such as those mentioned above, that could break anonymity,[12] it is also important to note that if used incorrectly, anonymity can be compromised.
The leakage of raw IP from the UDP protocol mentioned above can be prevented by restricting UDP protocol communication. We recommend that you refer to here for specific measures.
Thus, just using Tor carelessly may eventually lead to painful consequences (as mentioned above, Fukuyama became a martyr because of this), so before using Tor or any software that uses it, you should thoroughly understand the various risks by reading the respective official documents[13] before using Tor or any software that uses it.
torrc
torrc is a file included in the Tor Browser that can be configured to specify nodes to be passed through. It is also possible to avoid disclosure risks and increase anonymity by avoiding bad nodes[14] or setting nodes through countries with short log holding periods.
Tails: /etc/tor/torrc Whonix-Gateway: /usr/local/etc/torrc.d/50_user.conf Browser: tor-browser_ja-JP/Browser/TorBrowser/Data/Tor/torrc Edit the file above with a text editor, etc. to set up the file.
Below is an example description. For other options, see Tor project. Also, use country code[15]. If you are describing a server with an unknown country code, use {??}.
NumEntryGuards 5 #If UseEntryGuards is set to 1, the number of candidate EntryNodes is set to 5. Changing the 5 part does not change the number of nodes to go through.
ExcludeNodes SlowServer,{jp},{gb},{us},{ca},{au},{nz},{de} #Do not go through the specified node.
ExcludeExitNodes {bg},{cz},{fi},{hu},{ie},{lv},{lt},{lu},{nl},{ro},{es},{se},{ch},{ru},{hk},{il} #Do not set the specified node as Exit node
StrictNodes 1 #Strictly set Exclude or not; setting it to 0 sometimes breaks the setting.
Note that setting too many ExcludeNodes will 'conversely limit the number of nodes to be passed through, which will reduce randomness and anonymity.
References
- ↑ pre-alpha: run an onion proxy now!
- ↑ TLS encryption is performed as usual
- ↑ lawyer who specializes in disclosure of identification information of the sender in the Internet
- ↑ Fake Tor app in the iOS App Store
- ↑ Basically, they are not left behind, but this is not the case if they are stored in encrypted persistent storage
- ↑ Running in a virtual environment is not officially recommended due to the nature of the OS
- ↑ Install in Virtual Box or Qubes OS.
- ↑ The Tor browser is only installed and does not make all communications via Tor, so it is necessary to anonymize communications separately using Anonsurf or other means
- ↑ Torは無敵か？ - Tanaka Kazunari(魚拓)
- ↑ This is especially true if you were talking about yourself in a raw IP
- ↑ Mainly used for streaming, online gaming, etc. Also used on Discord [要出典]
- ↑ Facebook has been revealed to have provided the FBI with technology to exploit the Tails vulnerability Reference(魚拓)
- ↑ Tor's official documentation
- ↑ 匿名化ツール『Tor』の落とし穴（1） - 大使館等の通信傍受に成功
- ↑ Country code can be set by enclosing it in {}
See also
External links
- Official sites
- Tor（Wikipedia）
- Twitter:@torproject
- Sec4Orpheus - A website that summarizes privacy defense techniques
- ArchWiki
- Whonix Wiki
| 匿名化技術 | |
|---|---|
| ツール | AnonFiles - Session - Tor - VPN |
| OS | GrapheneOS - Kicksecure - Parrot OS - Tails |
| 用語 | IPアドレス - 開示 - 仮想通貨 - ダークウェブ - DMCA - 生IP - 悪芋 |
| webサイト | 炎上総合Wiki - Onionちゃんねる - Kind World - 唐澤貴洋掲示板 - 唐澤貴洋殺す掲示板 - 恒心教サイバー部 - 防弾ホスティング - ヤッバイおっぱい掲示板 |
| 攻撃手法･事件 | engage路線 - 贈り物路線 - お問い合わせ路線 - 片平騒動 - カラッキング(アットキャドカラッキング事件 - 国立感染症研究所カラッキング事件 - GMOカラッキング事件 - TVerカラッキング事件 - 新潟県警カラッキング事件) - カランサムウェア - Kindle路線 - 同時爆破予告事件 - 2ちゃんねる個人情報流出事件 -犯行予告 - 爆破予告 - 兵庫県警ブラクラ摘発事件 - モンストまとめ殺害予告事件 |
| 関連人物 | 安藤良太 - 小津晶 - 面白い愛の戦士 - 片山祐輔 - 恒心教 広報省 - さっしーえっち - 杉浦隆幸 - 0Chiaki - ダブルぬるぽ - ドナルドⅡ世 - ねそにゃ - 福山紘基 - 三上洋 |
| 企業等 | サイバー犯罪対策課 - スプラウト - Novogara - Privex - 八雲セキュリティコンサルティング株式会社 |
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