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[[ファイル:Tor-logo-2011-flat.svg|306px|thumb|right|ロゴ]] | [[ファイル:Tor-logo-2011-flat.svg|306px|thumb|right|ロゴ]] | ||
'''Tor''' | ''''Tor''' is software that uses Internet anonymization technology. Tor has a long history, with the first version released on December 20, 2002<ref>[http://archives.seul.org/or/dev/Sep-2002/msg00019.html pre-alpha: run an onion proxy now!]</ref>. | ||
== | == Overview == | ||
Anonymity of the originator is achieved by passing through multiple nodes for the connection from the client to the server. The content of the communication is encrypted, but not at the exit (end) node<ref>TLS encryption is performed as usual</ref>. Journalists, activists, whistleblowers, intelligence agencies, and [[悪芋|bad potatoes]] around the world use it to escape government surveillance. | |||
In Japan, it became famous after [[片山祐輔|Katayama Yusuke]] used it in a {{wpl|パソコン遠隔操作事件|PC remote control incident}}. | |||
It is also sometimes referred to as '''onion''' (玉ねぎ, ''tamanegi'') because of its logo. | |||
== | == Relation to the turmoil == | ||
[[開示]] | It is widely used by Koushinists as a countermeasure against [[開示|disclosure]]. It is treated as an indispensable tool when dealing with those, such as [[田中一哉(サイバーアーツ法律事務所)|Tanaka Kazuya]], who are at high risk of suing for even mere slander, or when working with [[karacking]]s and the like, which are against the law. It was also used to upload photos to [[Karasawa_Takahiro_BBS]] in [[唐澤貴洋のご尊顔開示事件|the incident of the disclosure of Takahiro Karasawa's respectful face]]. | ||
Even for legitimate activities that would not be troubled by disclosure, there are those who use Tor out of a thoroughly anonymous ideology, hobby, or {{kojien|な|raw IP}} phobia. | |||
[[包皮民|Anti-Kousinists]] may also use it for KTBBS trolling, perhaps in preparation for a response to be disclosed by board admin. | |||
[[ | [[Karasawa Takahiro]], a well-known [[パカ弁|pakaben]]<ref>lawyer who specializes in disclosure of identification information of the sender in the Internet</ref>, stated that it is difficult to identify the posters who use Ｔor in [[若手会員が知っておくべき弁護士業務妨害対策#「インターネットを通じた業務妨害」|"obstruction of business through the Internet"]]. In the above symposium article, only the "T" was in double-byte characters (so "Ｔ"), and there seemed to be an unnatural space between the "T" and the "or", so it was often ridiculed as "T or (<code>/ti ɔr/</code>)" by the Koushinists. | ||
== | == Software == | ||
* [https://torproject.org/ Tor] | * [https://torproject.org/ Tor] | ||
* [https://torproject.org/download/ Tor Browser] | * [https://torproject.org/download/ Tor Browser] | ||
It is an open source browser based on Firefox, developed by The Tor Project, which is also the developer of Tor, and is a powerful anonymization method because it is very easy to use, even for amateurs. Tor Browser used to be called Tor Browser Bundle (TBB). The Tor Browser is configured to prevent communication that bypasses the Tor network, to ensure that all users look the same, to automatically clear cookies, search history, and site data when the browser is closed, and to prevent tracking by third-party trackers and advertisements, among many other measures to increase anonymity. It is also Firefox-based, so extensions can be used, but adding add-ons is not recommended as it reduces anonymity. Note that even if you use the Tor Browser, communications made by other software are not anonymized. An application is also distributed for Android smartphones. | |||
* [https://guardianproject.info/apps/orbot/ Orbot] | * [https://guardianproject.info/apps/orbot/ Orbot] | ||
Android Apps. Almost all apps can communicate via Tor. | |||
* [https://guardianproject.info/apps/info.guardianproject.orfox/ Orfox] | * [https://guardianproject.info/apps/info.guardianproject.orfox/ Orfox] | ||
Tor Browser for Android; unlike Orbot, it functions as a Tor browser and does not have the ability to make other apps go through Tor. | |||
* [https://onionbrowser.com/ Onion Browser] | * [https://onionbrowser.com/ Onion Browser] | ||
Tor browser for iOS. Open source. '''Note that most of the others are faux-VPN scam apps.'''<ref>[https://blog.malwarebytes.com/cybercrime/2014/03/fake-tor-app-in-the-ios-app-store/ Fake Tor app in the iOS App Store]</ref>。 | |||
=== OS === | === OS === | ||
* [[Tails]] | * [[Tails]] | ||
An OS that performs all communication via the Tor network. No data is left on the computer, including the disk cache, so no evidence is left behind.<ref>Basically, they are not left behind, but this is not the case if they are stored in encrypted persistent storage</ref>. It is a favorite of many [[悪芋|bad potatoes]] because of its excellent concealment. The basic method is to install the OS on a USB or DVD, but it is also possible to run it in a virtual environment using [https://www.virtualbox.org/ VirtualBox], etc.<ref>Running in a virtual environment is not officially recommended due to the nature of the OS</ref>。 | |||
* [https://www.whonix.org/ Whonix-Gateway] | * [https://www.whonix.org/ Whonix-Gateway] | ||
[https://www.virtualbox.org/ Virtual Box] | Install using virtualization software called [https://www.virtualbox.org/ Virtual Box]. It functions as an internal network for the guest OS, allowing connections only through Tor, and has DNS leakage protection. Even if the guest OS is [[karacking]] and Root privileges are taken away, the actual raw IP cannot be revealed. VPN over Tor (PC→Tor→VPN→Server) is also possible by connecting to a VPN on the guest OS. | ||
* [https://www.whonix.org/ Whonix-Workstation] | * [https://www.whonix.org/ Whonix-Workstation] | ||
Whonix- | WThe OS enclosed with Whonix-Gateway, an official Whonix recommended OS that specializes in security and combines various features such as time stamp attack countermeasures. | ||
* [[Kicksecure]] [https://www.kicksecure.com/ ( | * [[Kicksecure]] [https://www.kicksecure.com/ (Official page)] | ||
A sibling of Whonix, this OS offers two ways to deploy it: running in Virtual Box or replacing debian with Kicksecure. In addition to its robustness against timestamp attacks and malicious updates, this OS has many advantages, such as the ability to install Whonix with a single command, and its Live mode, which is highly hidden and leaves no traces whatsoever. | |||
* [https://www.qubes-os.org/ Qubes OS] | * [https://www.qubes-os.org/ Qubes OS] | ||
The OS that even {{wpl|en:Edward Snowden}} uses. It features the ability to run applications in parallel on a virtual environment using a virtualization technology called {{wpl|en:Xen|Xen}}. By installing the above Whonix, you can communicate using Tor.<ref>Install in Virtual Box or Qubes OS.</ref> | |||
* [https://www.kali.org/ Kali Linux] | * [https://www.kali.org/ Kali Linux] | ||
{{wpl| | {{wpl|en:Penetration test|Penetration test}}, an operating system designed to test attacks on computer systems and equipped with various <strike>attack weapon</strike>tools. This is also to be installed using [https://www.virtualbox.org/ VirtualBox]. <strong>Naturally, it must not be diverted to attacks on sites operated by third parties.</strong> | ||
* [[Parrot OS]] | * [[Parrot OS]] | ||
Kali Linuxと同じくペネトレーションテストのために作られたOS。Kali Linuxと違ってTorが同梱されている<ref>Torブラウザが導入されているだけであり、全通信をTor経由にしてくれるわけではないので別途[https://github.com/ultrafunkamsterdam/AnonSurf Anonsurf]等で通信を匿名化する必要がある。</ref>。パスワードの[[カラッキング]]機能をはじめ様々な<strike>攻撃兵器</strike>ツールが搭載されているが、あくまでも自分が運営するサイトの脆弱性を確認するために使うことを目的としたOSであり、<strong>くれぐれも第三者が運営するサイトへの攻撃に転用してはならない。「Torが同封されているから攻撃への転用に最適だ」と考えることなど論外である。</strong> | Kali Linuxと同じくペネトレーションテストのために作られたOS。Kali Linuxと違ってTorが同梱されている<ref>Torブラウザが導入されているだけであり、全通信をTor経由にしてくれるわけではないので別途[https://github.com/ultrafunkamsterdam/AnonSurf Anonsurf]等で通信を匿名化する必要がある。</ref>。パスワードの[[カラッキング]]機能をはじめ様々な<strike>攻撃兵器</strike>ツールが搭載されているが、あくまでも自分が運営するサイトの脆弱性を確認するために使うことを目的としたOSであり、<strong>くれぐれも第三者が運営するサイトへの攻撃に転用してはならない。「Torが同封されているから攻撃への転用に最適だ」と考えることなど論外である。</strong> | ||